{"id":107,"date":"2024-05-06T06:31:35","date_gmt":"2024-05-06T06:31:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/?p=107"},"modified":"2024-05-06T08:46:21","modified_gmt":"2024-05-06T08:46:21","slug":"pedro-mari-arrillaga-estatu-batuak-1968-1971-luis-okamika-estatu-batuak-1969-1974","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/en\/pedro-mari-arrillaga-estatu-batuak-1968-1971-luis-okamika-estatu-batuak-1969-1974\/","title":{"rendered":"PEDRO MARI ARRILLAGA [Estatu Batuak, 1968-1971] &#038; LUIS OKAMIKA [Estatu Batuak, 1969-1974]"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" src=\"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/eff61833-2e51-3eb2-e4ca-dce44af2cb07_300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-103 size-full\"\/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\"><p><strong>Date of the interview:<\/strong> 5\/28\/2012<\/p><p><strong>Interviewee:<\/strong> Pedro Mar\u00eda Arrillaga Calzacorta &#038; Luis Okamika Gojenola<\/p><p><strong>Interviewer:<\/strong> Ainara Puerta Larra\u00f1aga<\/p><p><strong>Language:<\/strong> Euskera \/ Euskara<\/p><\/div><\/div><hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/><div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull descripcion-completa is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" id=\"descripcion-completa\"><h3 class='wp-block-heading'>Description<\/h3><p>Tanto Pedro Mar&iacute;a Arrillaga como Luis Okamika nacieron en la localidad vizca&iacute;na de Mendexa, el 21 de octubre de 1943 y el 15 de mayo de 1946 respectivamente. A pesar de que trabajo no faltaba, afirman que se trabajaba mucho (incluyendo los s&aacute;bados) y se ganaba muy poco. Pedro Mar&iacute;a se sent&iacute;a un poco cansado de su vida aqu&iacute; y decidi&oacute; emigrar a Am&eacute;rica con un contrato de pastor para tres a&ntilde;os, sabiendo a lo que se enfrentaba gracias a un t&iacute;o, que se lo explic&oacute; en primera persona. Decisi&oacute;n que tambi&eacute;n tomar&iacute;a Luis cuando cerr&oacute; la empresa de autobuses en la que trabajaba, animado por un amigo.<\/p><p><\/p><p>Nos relatan el viaje realizado a Am&eacute;rica, la buena acogida que tuvieron en el pa&iacute;s y. a partir de aqu&iacute; la vida que llevaron en los Estados Unidos como pastor y campero durante unos a&ntilde;os. Mientras Luis encontr&oacute; m&aacute;s dificultades de las que cre&iacute;a para adaptarse (d&iacute;as muy calurosos, madrugones&hellip;), Pedro Mar&iacute;a era m&aacute;s consciente de lo que pod&iacute;a esperar de Am&eacute;rica, llegando a estar quince meses sin ver a nadie con un reba&ntilde;o de 2.000 cabezas, excluyendo a los carneros j&oacute;venes. Este &uacute;ltimo tiene grabada la primera noche que pas&oacute; con las borregas y, cuenta c&oacute;mo su vida dio un giro de 180&ordm; al cambiar de compa&ntilde;&iacute;a, afirmando que: &ldquo;Animaliyen modun tratatze ginduzen lehenengo konpainien, animaliyen modun, ta bestiek persona modure&rdquo; (en la primera compa&ntilde;&iacute;a nos trataban como animales, los otros como personas).<\/p><p><\/p><p>Las actividades que desempe&ntilde;aba un campero como Luis eran muy variadas: repartir agua y v&iacute;veres a los carrocampos, repartir el correo a los pastores, trabajos de mec&aacute;nico o de soldador en el rancho&hellip; como &eacute;l resume: &ldquo;Rantxon biarra asko izate genun ta ite genun danetatik&rdquo; (sol&iacute;amos tener mucho trabajo en el rancho y hac&iacute;amos de todo).Adem&aacute;s, de que resultaba imposible satisfacer las exigencias de todos y, apenas le quedaba tiempo para estudiar ingl&eacute;s. Pese a no tener vacaciones, si el pastor se levantaba temprano y dirig&iacute;a bien al reba&ntilde;o, dispon&iacute;a de tiempo de sobra para escuchar el programa de radio que emit&iacute;an a las ma&ntilde;anas en Boise para los pastores vascos de la zona, escribir o aprender ingl&eacute;s. Luis cuenta m&aacute;s de una an&eacute;cdota relacionada con malentendidos del ingl&eacute;s americano.<\/p><p><\/p><p>Las condiciones de vida eran muy duras, especialmente en los primeros meses para el pastor: &ldquo;Ni lenengotan ez neban lagunik euki: txakur bi ta zaldixe&rdquo; (al principio no tuve amigos: dos perros y el caballo), hasta que cambi&oacute; de compa&ntilde;&iacute;a, mientras, las primeras amistades de Luis fueron gente vasca, con los que se relacionaba en euskera. Se&ntilde;alan que la relaci&oacute;n con la comunidad vasca fue muy buena y mencionan las actividades deportivas, culturales y sociales organizadas durante las fiestas: berstolaris, cortadores de troncos, bailes&hellip;<\/p><p><\/p><p>Pedro Mar&iacute;a estuvo a punto de quedarse, pero llevaba muchos a&ntilde;os con la novia y no quiso dar un disgusto a nadie; mientras Luis, a pesar de sentirse a gusto, siempre tuvo la esperanza de volver. Al retornar el primero contrajo matrimonio con su novia y tuvo dos hijas, trabajando como hojalatero y en el caser&iacute;o familiar despu&eacute;s; mientras el segundo trabaj&oacute; en un taller de Gernika-Lumo y durante los &uacute;ltimos a&ntilde;os como alcalde de su localidad natal. Mirando hacia atr&aacute;s, la experiencia de emigrar fue para Pedro Mar&iacute;a &ldquo;neutzako poztasun bat amerikanuk gu holan, tratau genduzun moduen tratatie&rdquo; (para m&iacute; fue una satisfacci&oacute;n que los americanos nos tratasen como lo hicieron) y para Luis &ldquo;urterik onenak han eotie&rdquo; (pasar ah&iacute; los mejores a&ntilde;os), pero admiten que ninguno se arrepiente de haber transcurrido una parte de su vida en el continente americano.<\/p><\/div>\n            <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-gestor-del-servicio wp-block-embed-gestor-del-servicio wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n            <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Pedro Mari Arrillaga eta Luis Okamika. Ondare Bizia\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xYcdAU6ybXU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n            <\/div><\/figure>\n            <h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Interviewee&#8217;s distination<\/h3><div class=\"wp-block-group grupoEntrevista is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Interviewee\u2019s destination city:<\/strong> Boise<\/p><p><strong>Interviewee\u2019s destination country:<\/strong> Estatu Batuak \/ Estados Unidos \/ United States<\/p><p><strong>Interviewee\u2019s destination region:<\/strong> Idaho<\/p><\/div><hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key dates<\/h3><div class=\"wp-block-group grupoEntrevista is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Year:<\/strong> 1968<\/p><p><strong>Event:<\/strong> Pedro Mar\u00eda llega a Estados Unidos<\/p><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-group grupoEntrevista is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Year:<\/strong> 1971<\/p><p><strong>Event:<\/strong> Desciende la utilizaci\u00f3n de la lana en Am\u00e9rica<\/p><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-group grupoEntrevista is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Year:<\/strong> 1971<\/p><p><strong>Event:<\/strong> Pedro Mar\u00eda llega a Euskadi (septiembre)<\/p><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-group grupoEntrevista is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Year:<\/strong> 1971<\/p><p><strong>Event:<\/strong> Pedro Mar\u00eda contrae matrimonio<\/p><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-group grupoEntrevista is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Year:<\/strong> 1972<\/p><p><strong>Event:<\/strong> Nace la hija mayor de Pedro Mar\u00eda<\/p><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-group grupoEntrevista is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Year:<\/strong> 1975<\/p><p><strong>Event:<\/strong> Fallece Francisco Franco<\/p><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-group grupoEntrevista is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Year:<\/strong> 1976<\/p><p><strong>Event:<\/strong> Nace la segunda hija de Pedro Mar\u00eda<\/p><\/div><hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Interviewee&#8217;s origin<\/h3><p><strong>Country of the interview:<\/strong> Euskadi<\/p><p><strong>Region of the interview:<\/strong> Bizkaia<\/p><p><strong>City of the interview:<\/strong> Mendexa<\/p><hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Place of the interview<\/h3><p><strong>Country of the interview:<\/strong> Euskadi<\/p><p><strong>Region of the interview:<\/strong> Bizkaia<\/p><p><strong>City of the interview:<\/strong> Lekeitio<\/p><hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h3><p><strong>People mentioned in the interview:<\/strong> Johnny\t \tBasabe, Katalina\t \tCalzacorta\t \tLaka, Felix\t \tGabiola, Benito\t \tGoitiandia, Jose Luis\t \tUrkiaga, Lino \t \tZabala<\/p><p><strong>Places mentioned in the interview:<\/strong> Amerika\t \/ \tAm\u00e9rica, Espainia\t \/ \tEspa\u00f1a, Kalifornia\t \/ \tCalifornia, Madril\t \/ \tMadrid, New York\t \/ \tNueva York, Amoroto, Australia, Bakersfield, Berriatua, Bilbao, Billing, Boise, Denver, Elko, Gernika &#8211; Lumo, Grandview, Idaho, Ispaster, Las Vegas, Lekeitio, Markina &#8211; Xemein, Mendexa, M\u00e9xico, Mungia, Nevada, Reno, Santander<\/p><hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/><p><strong>Categories:<\/strong><ul class=\"post-categories\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/en\/category\/adaptation\/\" title=\"Adaptation\">Adaptation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/category\/america\/\" title=\"Am\u00e9rica\">Am\u00e9rica<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/en\/category\/family-life\/\" title=\"Family life\">Family life<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/en\/category\/friends-and-acquaintances\/\" title=\"Friends and acquaintances\">Friends and acquaintances<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/en\/category\/journey-to-destination\/\" title=\"Journey to destination\">Journey to destination<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/en\/category\/living-in-another-country\/\" title=\"Living in another country\">Living in another country<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/en\/category\/migratory-background\/\" title=\"Migratory background\">Migratory background<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/en\/category\/pasturage-work\/\" title=\"Pasturage work\">Pasturage work<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/en\/category\/permanent-return\/\" title=\"Permanent return\">Permanent return<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/en\/category\/united-states\/\" title=\"United States\">United States<\/a><\/li><\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Date of the interview: 5\/28\/2012 Interviewee: Pedro Mar\u00eda Arrillaga Calzacorta &#038; Luis Okamika Gojenola Interviewer: Ainara Puerta Larra\u00f1aga Language: Euskera [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":103,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[513,20,203,269,191,197,202,512,198,514],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-107","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-adaptation","category-america","category-family-life","category-friends-and-acquaintances","category-journey-to-destination","category-living-in-another-country","category-migratory-background","category-pasturage-work","category-permanent-return","category-united-states","pais-de-destino-del-entrevistado-estatu-batuak-estados-unidos-united-states-en","ciudad-o-municipio-de-destino-de-boise-en","pais-del-entrevistado-a-euskadi-en","ciudad-o-municipio-del-entrevist-mendexa-en","personas-citadas-benito-goitiandia-en","personas-citadas-felix-gabiola-en","personas-citadas-johnny-basabe-en","personas-citadas-jose-luis-urkiaga-en","personas-citadas-katalina-calzacorta-laka-en","personas-citadas-lino-zabala-en","lugares-citados-amerika-america-en","lugares-citados-amoroto-en","lugares-citados-australia-en","lugares-citados-bakersfield-en","lugares-citados-berriatua-en","lugares-citados-bilbao-en","lugares-citados-billing-en","lugares-citados-boise-en","lugares-citados-denver-en","lugares-citados-elko-en","lugares-citados-espainia-espana-en","lugares-citados-gernika-lumo-en","lugares-citados-grandview-en","lugares-citados-idaho-en","lugares-citados-ispaster-en","lugares-citados-kalifornia-california-en","lugares-citados-las-vegas-en","lugares-citados-lekeitio-en","lugares-citados-madril-madrid-en","lugares-citados-markina-xemein-en","lugares-citados-mendexa-en","lugares-citados-mexico-en","lugares-citados-mungia-en","lugares-citados-nevada-en","lugares-citados-new-york-nueva-york-en","lugares-citados-reno-en","lugares-citados-santander-en","fechas-relevantes-1968-en","fechas-relevantes-1971-en","fechas-relevantes-1972-en","fechas-relevantes-1975-en","fechas-relevantes-1976-en","entrevistador-a-ainara-puerta-larranaga-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":108,"href":"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107\/revisions\/108"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/103"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ondarebizia.deusto.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}